Major U.S. wireless carriers like Verizon, AT&T and T-Mobile are aggressively lobbying the FCC to repurpose the entire upper C-band (3.98–4.2 GHz) for flexible-use wireless services, aiming to secure up to 180 MHz of additional spectrum for expanded capacity.

Observers say those companies want it all, top to bottom. Wireless industry association CTIA, for one, met with the FCC this month and put on the record that it wants the “maximum amount of spectrum” in the upper C-Band for full-power, licensed wireless deployments.

While carriers and other wireless service providers are anxious to grab the maximum amount of capacity, they face stiff pushback from broadcasters urging a limit of 100 MHz.

The FCC has issued a notice of proposed rulemaking to repurpose the 3.98–4.2 GHz band for flexible-use terrestrial services, with an auction targeted for 2027. The commission is mandated by Congress to take at least another 100 MHz for wireless services.

The National Association of Broadcasters said taking that much spectrum for terrestrial cellular services could disrupt vital content distribution services.

(This story focuses on filing by wireless entities. Read about NAB’s latest reply comments here.)

Data usage needs

Driven by the need for more mid-band spectrum to support 5G, and eventually 6G services, major wireless carriers are continuing their push for the maximum possible amount, aiming for the full 180 MHz.

The wireless carriers emphasized the importance of “maximizing” the amount of C-band spectrum to be repurposed. AT&T cited the historic growth in data usage by Americans that underscores the importance of the commission’s efforts in the proceeding to free up additional mid-band spectrum.

AT&T, in its comments, said that for the third year in a row, U.S. mobile network data usage demand grew approximately 35%, a historic surge and a pace that would nearly double the amount of data used every two years.

“Stakeholders broadly agree that the upper C-band will play a key role in 5G and beyond,” AT&T wrote.

Moving incumbents

Verizon focused part of its recent reply comments on the feasibility of moving incumbent users, including satellite audio and video services used by broadcasters, out of the upper C-band.

The broadband giant said comments filed in the proceeding confirm there is a feasible path for transitioning incumbents out of the spectrum, while ensuring they can receive “substantially” the same service that exists today.

Some existing space station operators, Verizon said, have detailed opportunities to reorganize and compress customers into a smaller segment of upper C-band spectrum, while others could be moved to Ku-band spectrum.

It also pointed to commenters who said fiber and internet protocol distribution technologies present effective alternatives for services provided today.

Transition plan

Verizon and others said that Fixed Service Satellite providers like SES – the largest upper C-band satellite operator, responsible for over 95% of all video content in the band – have already outlined a plan to clear 180 megahertz of the band (160 Megahertz for terrestrial wireless service and 20 Megahertz for a guard band), but that full transition could take years to plan.

Therefore, several commenters suggested a plan that would take several stages to complete, with the 100 MHz mandated in the Big Beautiful Bill being the first implemented in 2027.

Once the FCC makes a final determination on how much spectrum to repurpose, wireless carriers urged the commission to follow a similar regulatory framework of the lower C-band repurposing and auction in 2020, a transition that booted broadcast services to the upper section of C-band.

T-Mobile said in its comments: “The record in the proceeding reflects near-unanimous support for such a reallocation and a regulatory framework for terrestrial mobile use that is harmonized across the C-band, including, among other things, applying the licensing and technical rules adopted for the lower C-band (3.7–3.98 GHz) to the upper C-band.”

CTIA meets with the commission

In the latest round of comments collected by the FCC this week, CTIA shared what it wished for in a meeting with FCC officials in February: making available the “maximum amount of upper C-band spectrum” for licensed, or exclusive, full-power terrestrial wireless deployments.

CTIA also requested a “clear, unwavering schedule” for wireless licensees to begin their deployments in the near term following the auction and harmonizing the lower and upper C-band technical rules, as appropriate.

CTIA said the spectrum is also needed to support AI innovation.

“The fact remains that data demand continues to grow year after year and additional spectrum will be needed to support this continued growth, particularly as AI begins to scale, with AI applications projected to drive uplink traffic 20 percent higher than it would be with existing applications,” CTIA said.

Ericsson, the multinational networking and telecommunications company, said maximizing the upper C-band for wireless helps promote national security of the United States.

“Repurposing the upper C-band,” Ericsson said, “will promote national security through the advancement of secure and trusted communications networks and equipment.

“As the commission is well aware, the dry spectrum well of the past several years created a leadership vacuum that allowed China to advance its own economic interests and security prerogatives at home and abroad through exports of its equipment to other countries,” it commented.

Meanwhile, the Competitive Carriers Association said it is very much in favor of utilizing the upper C-band for 5G and future 6G endeavors, but emphasized the need to make it fair for small and rural carriers when auctioning off the spectrum for wireless services. It questioned whether previously designated bid credits for small and rural carriers are still adequate.

“CCA agrees that mid-band auctions present unique challenges for rural providers. Mid-band spectrum offers the optimal balance of coverage and capacity for rural deployment,” the group said. “However, rural providers frequently face substantial capital constraints when competing against nationwide carriers with exponentially greater financial resources.”

Next-generation satellite

Some commenters, including Space X, suggested reserving portions of the upper C-band spectrum for next-generation satellite services (Direct-to-Device) rather than solely for terrestrial cellular services.

T-Mobile and the other wireless carriers told the commission to decline those proposals seeking to introduce mobile satellite services or shared-use mechanisms in the repurposed upper C-band.

There are also some technical challenges to overcome once spectrum for FSS earth stations is shifted elsewhere, according to multiple filers. The upper C-band is adjacent to the 4.2–4.4 GHz band used by radio altimeters in aviation, requiring careful management of interference risks, according to Boeing and several aeronautical entities.

In addition, several commenters pointed to the Federal Aviation Administration’s recent notice of proposed rulemaking concerning upgrading radio altimeters to withstand interference from adjacent wireless operations. The timeframe for implementing those upgrades is uncertain, according to observers.

CTIA in its comments hinted at a need for collaboration between government agencies to accomplish the goal of repurposing the spectrum for flexible-use wireless services.

“The coordinated FCC and FAA proceedings, buttressed by congressional action, standards development and cross-industry collaboration, have positioned all stakeholders for timely execution,” it said.

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The post When It Comes to the Upper C-Band, Wireless Carriers Want More appeared first on Radio World.

The National Association of Broadcasters knows the FCC is going to reallocate 100 MHz of the upper C-band, which it is legally mandated to do.

But the association warns that any clearing beyond that minimum threshold poses a significant risk to the nation’s critical broadcast infrastructure.

In its newly-filed reply comments, NAB contended that the upper C-band (3.98 to 4.2 GHz) is currently optimized and lacks the “headroom” for extensive clearing.

We’ve also covered NAB’s previous filings during the comment filing period tied to the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking the commission opened in November.

Read one of those stories here.

The deadline to file reply comments with the commission in Docket 25-59 was on Wednesday.

“Upper C-band is mission-critical to broadcasting and is already operating at its practical limit,” NAB told the commission.

“Insatiable” wireless carriers

The upper C-band is used by earth station operators, including broadcasters, whose operations have already been curtailed by prior auctions of the lower C-band to wireless operators.

The commission is required by statute to auction a minimum of 100 MHz of the upper C-band (2.98 – 4.08 GHz) spectrum no later than July 2027, but the FCC has proposed auctioning up to 180 MHz through competitive bidding.

The spectrum auction is expected to generate billions of dollars.

But NAB contended that outside of the “insatiable nationwide wireless carriers and a small subset of proponents focused on speculative future uses,” commenters in the docket overwhelmingly caution that additional clearing would jeopardize broadcast distribution, increase systemic risk and undermine public-interest services.

Even with the loss of 100 MHz of spectrum, NAB said a repack will inevitably cause some disruption to incumbent users in part because compressing services into less spectrum creates a “Tetris-like” problem.

Keep it in the C-band

SES, the major provider of C-band services to broadcasters in the U.S., previously stated that most incumbent users can be repacked quickly into a reduced C-band if reallocation is limited to 100 MHz.

In addition, repacking all or most users within C-band will be far less disruptive than forcing incumbents out of the upper C-band into other satellite spectrum or alternative platforms, NAB told the commission.

NAB rejected claims from wireless companies that other technologies are suitable “one-for-one” replacements for C-band spectrum. Those alternative platforms include IP, fiber and Ku-band, which broadcasters and satellite operators say “are neither universally available nor functionally equivalent, particularly for point-to-multipoint distribution, rural service, and live event coverage.”

“Relocation out of C-band presents far greater uncertainty. The costs to transition may be many multiples higher,” it said.

NAB said two other major stakeholders in this proceeding – the satellite operators and the aviation industry – agree that clearing any portion of the upper C-band will require significantly longer timelines than the lower C-band transition.

The FCC proposed to clear incumbent earth station operators from the band over a five and a half-year period and, as with the prior migration to the Upper C-Band, the commission will reimburse incumbent earth station operators for their transition costs via money raised from an auction of the spectrum.

The FCC previously stated there are approximately 20,000 registered earth stations used by radio and TV broadcasters to receive satellite transmissions.

Substantially the same

NAB emphasized the FCC should follow precedent set in the order that forced incumbents to relocate from the lower C-band in 2020.

“The Lower C-band Order repeatedly stated that incumbents would be provided substantially the same service, which must again be assured,” NAB wrote in its comments.

“The commission previously rejected an all-fiber (or nearly all-fiber) deployment as carrying a bevy of challenges,” the association continued. “Ku-band, while a valuable improvement over terrestrial fiber, remains more susceptible than C-band to weather-related degradation and would require years of satellite launches and costly retrofits to approach current C-band reliability.

In fact, NAB pointed to the Communications Act, which it says does not permit the commission to substitute “theoretical alternatives for actual continuity of service,” according to NAB.

Merely accessing a different technology that performs adequately under ideal conditions is not acceptable, NAB asserted. It said the commission has long recognized that the act does not permit license modifications that affect a “fundamental change” in a licensee’s authorization.

Section 316 permits license modification, but not fundamental alteration of the essential rights conveyed by an FCC authorization, according to the recent filing.

NAB also asked the commission to implement a direct-pay or upfront reimbursement mechanism to replace the previous framework of the lower C-band transition where operators had to front costs and wait years for repayment.

“Commenters consistently warn that further upper C-band clearing beyond 100 MHz would jeopardize the reliability of the nation’s video distribution infrastructure, impose disproportionate harm on small entities, and undermine services the public relies upon for news, emergency information, and live events,” NAB concluded.

[See Our Business and Law Page]

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The FCC now has set in motion plans to open a window for noncom broadcasters to apply for new FM translators, the first such window ever.

We told you about this pending action earlier. After a unanimous vote Wednesday, the FCC officially has embarked on the plan, though it’s taking comment on certain details.

It said this initiative is intended to support noncommercial broadcasting and preserve the airwaves for future local services.

Chairman Brendan Carr said in a prepared statement: “This will particularly benefit educational broadcasters, to allow them to extend the programming their stations provide to the public and reach remote, rural and underserved communities.”

The chairman called it a “unique” window and an opportunity to promote the continued growth of noncom service in the FM band.

As of December 2025 there were 4,755 noncom FMs in the United States, according to FCC data, compared to about 2,140 NCE stations in the year 2000. NCE stations consist primarily of public broadcasters, college radio stations and religious broadcasters.

Dates for the window have not been set but it is expected in late 2026.

The window will be an opportunity for noncommercial FM, low-power FM and noncommercial AM stations to obtain translators and extend the services they provide, the FCC said.

Full details have yet to be released, but Media Bureau officials said the FCC tentatively has decided to tighten down the requirements, though it is asking for comments.

The window would be limited to applications for new NCE FM translator station construction permits in the reserved band, which is FM Channels 201–220, better known as 88.1 to 91.9 MHz. The plan would exclude applications for major modifications to existing translators in that band.

The commission also plans to limit applications nationally to 10 per applicant, to avoid “speculative filings and protect spectrum for local radio services.” Any entity filing more than the maximum would trigger a review and the Media Bureau would retain the applications that were filed first, dismissing others that exceed the limit.

The commission noted that it has imposed eligibility restrictions and limits in prior windows to comply with the Local Community Radio Act of 2010, which requires it to ensure that licensing is available for all secondary services.

It noted that a 2003 FM translator window generated more than 13,000 applications and left thousands pending for years. The mass filings forced it to impose remedial processing rules later to protect LPFM spectrum.

Filing limits in the noncommercial full-power windows of 2007 and 2021, the FCC said, helped reduce “daisy chains” of mutually exclusive filings and allowed applications to be processed efficiently.

A draft of the public notice had indicated that tribal LPFM entities would be limited to four applications nationwide, while other LPFM applicants would be limited to two. Presumably those caps are in the final notice, which had not been released at this writing.

A period of public comment will be opened once the public notice (MB Docket 26-20) is published in the Federal Register.

The post FCC Moves Ahead With NCE Translators appeared first on Radio World.

Stingray’s acquisition of TuneIn provides insight into the competitive global audio marketplace. We talked with TuneIn CEO Rich Stern about the deal, and about radio’s role in cars with IP-based connections and the possible benefits to radio of a larger presence in connected TVs. 

Stingray Group is based in Montreal and is publicly traded. Its businesses include music and video content distribution, business services and advertising solutions. 

Radio aggregator TuneIn was founded as RadioTime by Bill Moore in 2002; six years ago Innovation Endeavors took a controlling stake. TuneIn is headquartered in New York but has various locations including San Francisco, where it long was based.

Eric Boyko is the founder, CEO and president of Stingray. He calls the TuneIn purchase a strategic acquisition that enhances Stingray’s reach by combining its own premium music and video content with TuneIn’s partnerships with device manufacturers, auto companies and content providers. 

The TuneIn live-streaming audio service is seen by many as an important tool in radio’s digital distribution and monetization strategies. TuneIn content is distributed across approximately 200 platforms and connected devices, including some 50 in-car audio systems in 100 countries.

The acquisition closed in December and is valued at up to $175 million, based on TuneIn’s forecast sales of $110 million for the 12 months ending Dec. 31, 2025. Stingray was to pay $150 million at closing and up to $25 million by next December. 

Dash potential

Rich Stern joined TuneIn as CEO in 2020, with a background in product management for Audible, Playstation and Amazon Studios. 

He said being part of Stingray ensures that TuneIn is capitalized to deliver on its mission: to “reinvent radio” with its partners in the digital world.

“This is a big win versus TuneIn as a standalone company,” he said.

“We had been successful to a point, but it was still a venture-backed company. We did a hundred million or so in revenue every year. Now we’re about five times the size of that, coming together with Stingray. And we’re a public company that has a market cap of just over a billion dollars.”

TuneIn has about 110 employees and 75 million monthly active users. Its footprint is substantial, partnering globally with 100,000 stations and approximately 5 million podcasts. 

The portal’s biggest focus will remain on the car, Stern said. It’s a “growing opportunity for radio,” with ongoing integration of the audio streaming app in in-car operating systems.  

That space is changing quickly. He pointed to GM’s decision eventually to end smartphone mirroring for Apple CarPlay and Android Auto in GM gas and electric vehicles, as we have recently reported.

He says that decision won’t necessarily hurt TuneIn but creates an opportunity for a more seamless, native in-car experience through direct integrations — a pre-installed, pre-configured TuneIn platform would be better for both passengers and the service.

[Related: “TuneIn Has New Partnership With Nissan”]

“By partnering directly with automakers, apps like TuneIn are easier for drivers and passengers to discover and start listening rather than dealing with wires and Bluetooth connections. Essentially, it opens up the service to new audiences who may not have downloaded the app or connected their phone, expanding reach while delivering a safer experience,” he said.

“We eventually hope to have TuneIn’s player embedded in every car manufacturer in the world.”

Bullish on radio

Stern said carmakers are deciding on the best way to bring radio into new cars that now have high-speed data connections. 

“Does it make sense to rely on AM/FM chipsets and antennas, or is it time to go digital? Or in some cases is it time to have a hybrid of both? Do they want to switch to an all-digital version in their cars that would offer you the same content, but just deliver it via IP, whether that be a 4G or a 5G data connection in the vehicle?”

Stern believes auto manufacturers have nothing against radio but are looking for more digital-first experiences for driver and passenger. 

“Mary Barra at GM is saying ‘Look, infotainment really matters.’ They don’t want to be in a position where a large tech platform like Apple or Google can come in, take over the screens in their vehicles and then decide what the experience for a GM driver or passenger is in that car. (Automakers) want to control that. We think that we’re now in a better position to help build a great experience.” 

The TuneIn platform has the largest directory of radio stations on the planet, according to Stern, with more live audio than any other audio platform including Spotify, SiriusXM and others in that category. 

He acknowledges that OTA radio is struggling as an industry but is a fan of what companies like iHeartMedia and Audacy are doing. 

“I continue to be very bullish about radio. There is a significant transformation that’s underway as we go from traditional over-the-air broadcast to radio in its digital incarnation,” he said.

“I think the future is very bright. Even if you look at very large-scaled broadcast organizations like iHeart, the growth that they’re seeing on the digital side of their businesses is noteworthy. Look at the opportunity that they’re creating with their partnership with TikTok. There’s a lot of room for innovation. 

“I’ll give you another example. Audacy went into bankruptcy to reorganize their debt. Now as a private company, I think Audacy’s doing great. They’re a partner on the platform, I see how their business is performing. That reorganization has given them a fresh start.”

Stern called Audacy CEO Kelli Turner “a fantastic leader.”

“Similarly, Bob Pittman and the iHeart team have been dealing with their debt. If they can give themselves some breathing room and continue to innovate, there’s lots to be excited about.”

Still, he said the traditional over-the-air broadcast side of radio will face turbulence. “That’s where a lot of the disruption is happening right now. That’s where a lot of the business is transforming.” 

“Growing like crazy”

Stingray has done a lot of work in connected TV, Stern says, which opens up a device category in which TuneIn has not been strong. 

“We’ve done a great job in connected vehicles. I think we’ve done a great job in smart speakers. But connected television is a massive category. Audio is growing like crazy there, and Stingray really gives us a leg up. They’ve got major relationships with LG, with Samsung, with Vizio, all of which have access to TuneIn as part of (Stingray) buying the company.”

He called this an opportunity to extend and diversify the reach that TuneIn offers its broadcast partners. 

“Television sets are the media hubs for the home because people are already listening to podcasts on their connected TVs. They’re already listening to music on their connected TVs. Radio should absolutely be part of that ecosystem.” 

Additionally, Stern says, many of its radio partners now produce video content. 

“They’re putting cameras in their studios for their morning shows. They’re developing a lot of video content that they can bring to social media to other platforms like YouTube. And this gives us an ability to not just distribute their audio content but also distribute their video content on devices with screens like connected TVs.”

The parent company’s expertise in ad tech will allow it to grow the programmatic monetization capabilities of TuneIn, he said.

“Stingray helps us go even further in terms of what we’d be able to do on that front, both in terms of addressability data, but also just the diversity of demand that they’re doing. So going into [2026], broadcasters are going to see more options to work with TuneIn to help sell your inventories in a programmatic digital marketplace.” 

He expects more demand from partners coming to TuneIn looking for broadcast inventories and more opportunities to create new revenue streams for broadcast partners.

“Stingray has retail media, they have in-car karaoke, they also have some traditional streaming music stations that they curate on their own. And figuring out how we can bring their portfolio and our portfolio together to bring more value to our device partners, that’s something we’re going to spend a lot of time on.”

Stingray appears poised to play an increasingly important role in the world of audio. It also recently introduced BYD Audio by Stingray, a partnership with BYD, a Chinese manufacturer of new energy vehicles.

In a press release, the company said BYD Audio by Stingray will deliver “hundreds of expertly curated music channels refreshed weekly with the latest hits and new releases, over 4 million popular podcasts and access to thousands of global radio channels” to drivers and passengers.

[Do you receive the Radio World SmartBrief newsletter each weekday morning? We invite you to sign up here.]

The post Stingray Aims to Be a Global Audio Powerhouse appeared first on Radio World.

The FCC has released the details of its proposed noncom educational band (88.1–91.9 FM) translator filing window, of which its commissioners will hold a vote to open a public notice on Feb. 18.

But are there other considerations it should make before proceeding?

Consulting engineer Edward (Ted) Schober is getting his opinion in early and he has laid out a detailed list of items he said the commission should consider that he filed in prior to a comment period that would come if the commission, as expected, approves the notice.

Schober felt his framework would enhance both the public interest and equitable distribution of authorizations.

Under the current plan the FCC has put forth, an eligible applicant for new FM translator construction permits for noncom educational stations in the reserved band would have to be a licensee or permittee of an existing NCE FM or noncommercial AM radio broadcast station or LPFM. Any proposed translator would rebroadcast the primary channel.

The FCC proposes a limit of 10 applications nationally for each applicant.

For LPFMs, however, the limits are lower. According to the proposal, a Tribal LPFM would be limited to four translator applications, while all other LPFMs would be limited to two translator applications.

Schober believes the commission’s effort is laudable in that the proposal seeks to avoid the landslide of applications for FM translators distant from the primary station.

(Read Edward Schober’s comments filed to the FCC.)

But he asked the FCC to consider other options that he felt would guarantee the public interest is served, its staff is not overwhelmed and the applications to be granted are equitably reviewed.

A fair count

Schober’s first suggestion is that if an applicant has existing FM translator licenses, either in the NCE band or the non-reserved band, the total count of existing translators should be included in the translator cap for this window. That would, naturally, render some licensees ineligible.

In addition, he said that when a licensee entity has a majority of its board or other governing body also serving as the majority of another licensee, both or all the entities should be considered as a single entity.

Schober also proposed that if an applicant wished to surrender one or more existing FM translator authorizations, conditioned on a grant of a translator authorization in this new window, the entity should be permitted one additional translator application for each translator license or LPFM license surrendered.

He told the FCC he believes applicants should be prohibited from transferring existing translators or the primary station to a different party in order to increase the number of NCE FM translator applications eligible to file in this window.

Schober, who has been providing engineering counsel for hundreds of commercial and noncommercial AM, FM and translator stations for the past 45 years, said since LPFM stations are designed to provide service to a specific local area, and not provide wide area coverage, perhaps there should be limitations to their translator ambitions.

For example, he said that a translator should be denied if its proposed 60 dBu coverage extended more than approximately 30 miles from the LPFM’s own 60 dBu contour, with the exception of Tribal and public safety entities.

Tiebreakers

Observers have wondered if the FCC might modify its existing rules to consider mutually exclusive applications, or where two or more applications can’t be granted.

Schober had several suggestions in such scenarios for NCE translator applications.

• When mutually exclusive applications are tendered, the distance from the FM translator’s 60 dBu contour to the primary station’s 60 dbBV contour (up to approximately 30 miles, with zero distance most preferable) should be the primary tiebreaker between the applications.
• If a noncom full-power station or an LPFM station F(50,50) 60 dBu or AM 2 mV/m contour serves only a portion of an urbanized area, and a proposed new NCE FM translator’s F(50,50) 60 dBu contour serves a portion, or all, of that same urbanized area, the distance between service contours should be considered zero — or given higher priority.
• Mutually exclusive applications with greater distance than 30 miles between the proposed and primary station contours should be withheld until all the more local applications are granted, then the remaining applicants given an opportunity to amend.
• Fill-in translator applications should be evaluated as having zero distance between primary and translator contours, provided that at least half of the fill in translator’s F(50,50) 60 dBu contour is shown to have primary station service of less than 70 dBu contour using the Longley-Rice model.

The commission could assign whatever weight it chooses to assign to fill in FM translators that will carry HD-2, HD-3 or HD-4 programming of the primary station, Schober wrote.

Special cases

Schober proposed that Tribal entities and public safety should be permitted any number of NCE FM translators whose 60 dBu contour remain at least 90% within their reservation or area of jurisdiction, provided they have no other NCE FM translator applications that are outside the physical area of jurisdiction or responsibility.

Applicants for new FM translators within the window should be exempt from the cap if all the applications, and the principal community of the primary station are within the same minor insular outlying area, provided the applicant has no applications outside that minor outlying area. That includes applications in the USVI, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands and American Samoa.

For the purpose of greatest frequency utilization and efficiency, he said that waivers should be granted to authorize NCE FM translators co-channel to the primary station, or to other co-channel NCE FM translator applications repeating the same primary station, provided that the F(50,10) 54 dBu of the new NCE FM translator remains within the F(50,10) 40 dBu contour of the primary station.

These should be conditioned that all other stations are fully protected, and proven FM synchronization methods must be used, Schober wrote.

“The nature of noncommercial educational FM stations does not entail the competitive issues that are raised with commercial broadcast stations, so there is no controversy concerning the expansion of the service contour of NCE FM stations,” he wrote in the proposal.

The commission has already said it will not accept applications for major modifications to existing NCE reserved band translators.

If the FCC adopts the proposal at its Feb. 18 meeting, a comment period will commence once the notice is printed in the Federal Register.

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The post What Should the FCC Consider in an NCE Translator Window? appeared first on Radio World.

A new petition before the FCC seeks the elimination of a section of the rules that pertains to short-spaced FM assignments.

Consulting engineer Charles Anderson wants the FCC to be able to accept applications that specify a short-spaced antenna location for which minimum distance separations are not met.

Anderson says the current language is outdated given the maturity of the band. He thinks the FCC should shift its allocations priority to improving existing facilities.

The relevant part of the rule specifies an “absolute minimum distance” for commercial FM stations, below which no amount of power reduction or signal contour overlap protection may be used to site an antenna.

The rules allow commercial FMs to request sites that are “short-spaced” to other stations by protecting existing service from interference through specific “contour protection” requirements, ensuring the new station’s predicted interfering signals don’t overlap with protected contours of other stations.

Anderson says the rules often allow transmitter site flexibility, especially in congested areas, but that the troublesome subsection prohibits the FCC from accepting applications that specify a short-spaced location for which stated minimum distance separations are not met.

It’s a “strict go/no-go limitation,” he writes. But throughout his years assisting broadcasters to improve their facilities, the “limitations in subsection (e) to §73.215 are the major impediment to existing facilities utilizing directional antennas and contour protection to move to locations that better serve their market areas.”

In many cases, he continues, broadcasters are seeking to relocate to existing towers when sites are lost, or when it is not economically viable to replace aging towers or sustain existing land and tower leasing rates inflated by wireless services.

Andreson calls it noteworthy that reserved-band stations — some 41% of FMs in the country — have never been subject to the restriction on the use of contour spacing.

“While painfully obvious to broadcast engineering professionals, it is useful to observe that there is no inherent nor even significant difference in FM propagation and reception for radio stations in the 88 to 92 MHz reserved portion of the FM band for which the subsection (e) limitation does not apply, and for radio stations in the 92 to 108 MHz non-reserved portion of the FM band for which subsection (e) does apply.”

He says broadcasters are often faced with the difficulty and expense of constructing new towers, because the restrictions frequently have blocked the use of a station’s existing tower for upgrades or the use of other towers when sites are lost or become prohibitively expensive.

Anderson cited an example of a rural Alabama broadcaster being denied a 0.44 km (1,441 feet) waiver in order to upgrade from Class A to C3 at the station’s licensed site even though there was no prohibited overlap.

“Acquisition and tower construction for a new site were financially prohibitive and the expanded 60 dBu service to an additional 58,820 listeners, a 192% increase, was thwarted. In many other cases stations have lost tower sites and the availability of alternate towers was severely limited” by the subsection rule.

The directional antenna 15 dB maximum to minimum rule and the 70 dBμ city-grade coverage rule provide adequate protection from extreme short-spacings, he told the FCC.

In his filing Anderson describes himself as a “heritage” broadcast engineering consultant, adding in a footnote that he has prepared the engineering portions of more than 1,000 FCC applications, engineering exhibits and petitions over 45 years.

The timing of his petition coincides with Chairman Brendan Carr’s “Delete, Delete, Delete” initiative seeking to do away with outdated rules and regulations.

The post Petition Would Ease a Short-Spacing Restriction appeared first on Radio World.

Veteran radio consultant Fred Jacobs has had a month to reflect on what he saw at CES in Las Vegas. 

The fact is, Jacobs says broadcast radio was again nearly absent from the tech fest. Xperi’s DTS AutoStage with HD Radio was displayed in a shiny new Mercedes-Benz CLA, but beyond that there wasn’t much for radio broadcasters to celebrate; and even that display was showcasing the platform’s video capabilities.  

You can watch Jacobs Media’s CES debriefing webinar at the bottom of this story. It includes his choices for “Worst of Show” products such as audio “lollipops” and an AI robot companion for children, as well as a sampling of exhibits directly relevant to radio such as SoundHound’s agentic AI ecosystem and will.i.am’s Raidio.FYI platform.

Jacobs says he remains interested in making connections between new technology he sees at CES and how it could be applied to the broadcast radio industry. 

Along with his brother Paul, Fred Jacobs searched the floor at the Las Vegas Convention Center for every bit of technology that involved radio or could affect the broadcast ecosystem. 

As he describes the show in a blog post: “CES is unorthodox, challenging and mind-bending all at the same time.”

The race for AI innovation continues and the uses are stunning, Jacobs told Radio World. AI is far beyond just a buzzword; it’s foundational to most new technologies. 

“It’s accelerating content creation and spreading across broadcast applications,” he said. “The omnipresence of AI again this year overshadowed everything else. That speaks volumes about where it’s all headed.”

The car remains the main focus for radio broadcasters, he said. “But this was a more cerebral CES. Less gadgetry and more AI. The tsunami or avalanche of AI is how I see it. And really, advanced applications of AI. 

“It required a lot more thought of what all of this means for radio. AI is infiltrating every product.”

[Related: Read John Garziglia’s posts for Radio World from the show floor.]

AI affects every square inch of new vehicle space, Jacobs says.

“Autonomous, heads-up displays, voice controls, infotainment delivery, safety and the passenger economy. Automobiles will soon be AI platforms.”

Yet carmakers were hardly represented, outside of a few autonomous vehicles. There were lots of cars, but these were used to show how AI is tying together gadgets and platforms for the convenience of the consumer.

“We’ve seen the pullback from the days car companies filled North Hall, and later the new West Hall, often with massive displays. This year, the big OEMs were missing in action. BMW was the exception, but their display was off in the Silver Lot. On top of that, perhaps surprisingly, infotainment was only a small part of their showcase.” Chinese carmaker GWM also had a display. 

Jacobs learned how quickly AI is changing the way people interface with technology.

For example, electronics company LG wants to create a home hub of artificial intelligence that will control all of the connection points in the household, from appliances, maybe a robot and even to the dashboard of a car. The electronics manufacturer had the largest booth at CES.

A key takeaway is that AI is becoming more of a companion, “like an agent or assistant.” As Ford says about its own offering: “The Ford AI Assistant isn’t just another piece of software you talk to occasionally; it’s an intelligent thread woven seamlessly through every aspect of your life with Ford.”

Radio should take note, Jacobs said, because “It’s companionship, something that most media outlets do not have, but radio always has.”

He was disappointed not to see more of radio.

“We even opted not to sponsor our broadcasters’ tours this year because we just didn’t sense a lot of interest following a difficult 2025, so that didn’t help radio attendance. But in the main, the broadcaster turnout was disappointing especially when you consider who was there,” he said.

Over at the crowded C Space event in the Aria, iHeartMedia did have a presence. 

SiriusXM staged a huge display at C Space, which caught Jacobs by surprise. On a Jacobs Media webinar recapping the convention, Chris Brunt of Jacobs Media said SiriusXM welcomed guests in a significant display space.

“Their CEO was there, and he revealed half of their new cars now have a return path for data, which means they can show listener data to advertisers and their DJs and listeners can interact through the technology. Just more in-car developments that will have an impact on terrestrial radio,” Brunt said.     

Back in the LVCC West Hall, Xperi made the U.S. debut of its advanced DTS AutoStage platform. It now offers in-car video streaming based on its TiVo platform. Xperi said that five OEMs have adopted the video platform. 

Xperi, Jacobs said, is “clearly going headlong into the video space. That should tell you something because these are radio people, but they see the importance of video streaming in the car.”

Still, the presence of DTS AutoStage and HD Radio was encouraging.

“With other dashboard ecosystems, broadcast radio has been mostly an afterthought, if that. With AutoStage, radio is still primary, and it shows. 

“In addition, there’s the data. Xperi’s heat maps are impressive, providing radio broadcasters with actual in-car usage from the expanding AutoStage platform.”

Mercedes showed the latest version of its GLC model. Its AI-based MB.OS platform featured an optional MBUX Hyperscreen almost 40 inches wide. 

Personalization and customization continue to be key elements for music delivery systems, Jacobs says. After what he saw at CES, it’s even more clear that AI will play an important role in anticipating our moods and tastes.

“Radio delivering its content on other platforms — apps, YouTube, newsletters, podcasts — can provide consumers with the types of programming and listening options they’ve come to expect from new technologies,” he said. 

“The difference is that radio, when it’s doing its job, features favorite personalities who know and can reflect the local vibe.

“And then there’s the live element, something that digital media typically lack but radio can still deliver. A show like CES is a reminder to radio it must strategically be a different kind of information and entertainment medium in a rapidly evolving digital environment.”

 

While CES may have underwhelmed on the radio front, Jacobs says it isn’t that technology is leaving radio behind. 

“While it’s true you can wander around CES and never bump into a radio, the beauty of this show is you can easily experience technology that can make radio more efficient, scalable and even better, depending on how it’s applied. That’s the reality of the AI megatrend, a technology that is showing up everywhere, across all media and industries,” he said.

“I think radio companies are quietly using AI technology more and more, but they aren’t talking about it much. It is the kind of thing where anyone in the organization can participate and make a difference, so the democratization of content and ingenuity is exciting. 

“But they must dive in and learn. Social media had a similar growth pattern. Often broadcasters talked about it but many didn’t personally participate in it. That’s the case with a phenomenon like TikTok now. You can’t just talk about it — you’re got to walk the talk.”

You can watch Jacobs Media’s CES debriefing webinar below.

[For News Like This See Our Show News Page]

The post Final Thoughts: Jacobs on His CES Takeaways appeared first on Radio World.

The FCC says an LPFM hopeful failed to respond “fully and accurately” to a request for more information, so it has dismissed its application for a station in Hudson, Fla.

The commission rejected the application from Money Matters Educational Inc. (MME). The FCC found its response to be “problematic, incomplete and uncredible.”

MME had applied in the 2023 LPFM filing window, but its paperwork drew scrutiny for several errors and omissions.

The FCC questioned the location of the proposed main studio and whether its board members resided within the required distance. Board members must live within 10 miles of the proposed antenna site, according to FCC rules.

On its application, MME listed Hamon Francis Fytton as sole director. Yet Florida law requires not-for-profit corporations to have a minimum of three directors, according to the FCC. In addition, the entity’s Articles of Incorporation list three other individuals as directors: Kirby Julian, Ruben Alcoba and Luis Villa.

“None of these three individuals is included as a party to the LPFM application,” the FCC wrote in its dismissal.

In November 2024, the FCC sent a letter of inquiry seeking additional information, including confirmation of MME’s directors, notarized declarations from each individual attesting that they authorized the filing of the application and copies of each individual’s driver’s license.

The FCC says MME responded and provided some but not all of the information.

MME told the FCC it had permission to use space in an office building at the address on the application “as the main studio, headquarters and transmitter site for the proposed station.” However, it failed to provide written confirmation from the building owner, only promising to send confirmation later, which it never did, according to the FCC.

As for providing identification of the directors of the corporation, MME’s response included a copy of Fytton’s license, the FCC said, but not for the others in question.

In fact, as MME’s response explained, Kirby Julian had died nearly a month before the filing of the application.

“The LOI response further states that Luis Vila is no longer associated […] with MME, and that Ruben Alcoba was travelling out of the country and unavailable at the time of the response,” according to the FCC.

MME stated that copies of identification for “Kirby Julian and Luis Vila would not be forthcoming,” but that a driver’s license for Ruben Alcoba would be supplied “after his return from travel.”  The Audio Division said it never received a further filing.

In addition, the driver’s license for Fytton indicated he resides in Fort Pierce, Fla., about 150 miles from the proposed community of license. And in their response to the letter of inquiry, officials provided a different address for Fytton in Melbourne, outside the residential requirements.

With those strikes against MME, the FCC stated it had no option but to reject the LPFM application.

“In this case, MME has failed to respond timely to the Audio Division’s request for necessary information,” wrote Albert Shuldiner, chief of the Audio Division. “The failure to comply therefore renders the application defective.”

The FCC has dismissed several other LPFM applications recently for various reasons.

The post FCC Cites Errors in Dismissing Fla. LPFM Application appeared first on Radio World.

Transmitter technology continues to advance, with trends toward modularity, redundancy, remote control and efficiency. In addition, broadcasters quickly are embracing virtualization, and more airchain functions are being redesigned as software that can run with or in the transmitter itself. 

Manufacturer Nautel is at the center of these developments. Nautel makes high-power, solid-state RF products for broadcast radio. Its products include transmitters for FM, AM and digital broadcasting including HD Radio, DAB and DRM.

Nautel has deployed approximately 20,000 transmitters in at least 177 countries since its founding in 1970. President/CEO Kevin Rodgers has been with the company for 40 years, joining it in 1985 when it made only AM transmitters. 

The privately held firm has about 250 employees worldwide; it is headquartered in Hackett’s Cove in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. It also operates a manufacturing facility in Bangor, Maine. 

Radio World asked Rodgers, 64, about challenges facing the transmitter business, where growth will come from and the company’s perspective on tariffs as its operations straddle Canada and the United States.

Radio World: Kevin what would you identify as the most important challenge facing broadcast RF manufacturers today? 

Kevin Rodgers: There isn’t a single challenge. The industry is at a turning point, where technology is shifting from legacy analog RF broadcasting to modern digital and IP infrastructure. This is forcing manufacturers to redesign products that are compatible with hybrid RF/IP networks and digital modulation schemes like HD Radio and DRM. 

This shift requires new approaches to exciter design, signal transport, security and compliance and adds to the engineering challenges when designing new transmitters. Transmitters are now expected to integrate seamlessly with IP networks.  

Customers aren’t just buying RF transmitters anymore, they want control systems, monitoring, analytics and remote diagnostics all built in. This of course means a transmitter manufacturer needs not only top RF and power supply design engineers, but also software and firmware talent.

RW: How would you characterize the health of the transmitter business globally?   

Rodgers: North America remains the core of the radio broadcast market but there are exciting things happening across the globe in Asia, Africa, Latin America. And certainly DAB+ has transformed radio in Europe.

RW: What areas of your business are likely to drive Nautel business growth in 2026?  

Rodgers: Primarily it’s FM around the world. That’s traditional FM broadcasting, and obviously continued interest in digital broadcasting, HD Radio. We all know that it got off to a slow start, but we’ve certainly in the last five years found that people are interested in it around the world.

RW: How big of a growth segment is HD Radio for you?

Rodgers: We continue to hold a passion for digital radio. I’m still blown away by the sound quality of an HD channel, and radio broadcasters do an amazing job of making their content sound spectacular compared to non-radio streaming alternatives. 

We’ve been one of the voices underlining the importance of stations getting their fair chunk of real estate on the modern car dashboards, and we’re doing everything we can to make HD an easier and less expensive option for any broadcaster that hasn’t yet adopted it. So yes, we see HD as an important proposition for broadcasters and we’ll continue to innovate in that space.

RW: What about the demand for AM transmitters?

Rodgers: AM as you know is up and down around the world. We still see some opportunities, but most of North America has moved away from AM in general. There are specific areas where AM is still very popular and is a great source of revenue in some locations. But interest in North America has moved to FM where there’s room.

There are opportunities worldwide for high-power AM. I know there’s an opportunity in Pakistan right now where there’s some interest in high-power AM.

RW: Nautel has only ever designed solid-state transmitters from its beginnings. How did that happen?

Rodgers: That’s correct. We got started by producing radio beacons, which at the time were popular around the world. And in the late 1960s that technology was all tube-based. 

Our founders decided that they could use solid-state technology to make a much more reliable radio beacon. And that’s how the company started with their solid-state heritage, with an exponentially more reliable radio beacon transmitter.

We also consider ourselves to be the first company to successfully commercialize a solid-state broadcast transmitter. We were very excited when we started making 30 kW and 40 kW transmitters about 15 years back and saw the industry complete that evolution from tubes to solid-state in even the largest transmitters.

RW: And AM was Nautel’s first interest?  

Rodgers: Yes. The radio beacon frequency range is 190 to 535 kilohertz, so it was a natural progression to move into the AM broadcasting band, which is just above 530 kilohertz. Then having been very successful in AM for most of the 1980s, we moved into FM in the early 1990s.

RW: How have tariffs and Canadian/American political tensions affected Nautel’s business?

Rodgers: All manufacturing entities in North America are managing through some aspects of changing regulations. You could say that Nautel is a pan-North American business from a manufacturing standpoint. 

By design we’ve had two mirror image production facilities in the U.S. and north of the border for more than five decades. That allows us to optimize production for our customers and have resilience should we ever have a disaster recovery situation.

As for any impact of the changes, all I can say is that Nautel had a very strong year in 2025 and prospects for an even stronger 2026, so I guess we’re doing the right things to manage through tariffs and the changes, with our customers always top of mind. 

RW: Are supply chain problems still an issue in RF manufacturing? 

Rodgers: The global supply chain challenges have improved somewhat in the past year but all companies face the occasional hiccup. We have fantastic relationships with our major vendors so are able to keep ahead of most issues, but there are still surprises that come up.

Recently we almost ran out of fans, but at the very last minute our suppler came through with two skids of fans, approximately 2,000 pieces, and we were able to ship transmitters on time.

RW: What technology developments will Nautel highlight at the spring NAB Show?

Rodgers: I think broadcast engineers will have lots of reasons to stop by our booth. It’s too early, and we won’t let the cat out of bag just yet, but broadcasters have watched Nautel really push the envelope on digital radio via our software-based air chain approach. This year will definitely continue that trend along with a few other surprises.

RW: Nautel’s Radio Technology Forum at NAB, often still called the Nautel User Group or NUG, is moving from the Flamingo to the Westgate Las Vegas Resort. What will be new there? 

Rodgers:  Over the years, we’ve really tried to make this a cross-industry event appealing to all broadcast engineers and not just Nautel customers. This year it’ll be addressing broad topics of concern to all broadcasters, including how many more functions of the traditional radio air chain we might eventually see built into transmitters. 

[Related: “Nautel Moves Its Radio Technology Forum”]

The jury is still out on that one. In a sense the only two components of an over-the-air air chain that can’t be implemented in software are the microphone and transmitter, so it will really come down to how broadcasters want to host these components. 

Different situations or preferences may determine if components might be hosted in server, or in the transmitter, or in the cloud or in a combination of two or more of the options to achieve resiliency. 

We’ve focused a lot on the audio processor and HD Radio components because we can link those elements together to eliminate FM-HD blend drift completely. We also feel that elements of the automation system make a lot of sense to be at the transmitter site so that if connectivity is lost, content can keep flowing seamlessly for hours until a connection is reestablished.

RW: A couple of years ago Digital Alert Systems, Telos Alliance and Nautel proposed EAS alerting for radio with a networked approach, dubbed EAS at the Edge. Is there anything new in that area?   

Rodgers: Yes, we did a demonstration together to show an example of how EAS can fit into a software-based air chain. Since that time there has been lots of discussion on how to move EAS forward into modern IT and air chain infrastructures. As industry and regulators work together to define any changes to EAS infrastructure, Nautel stands ready with a flexible software-based architecture.

RW: What is your top business goal as the leader of the company for 2026?  

Rodgers: A couple of things. This applies to myself, and I encourage my team as well, to be excellent listeners to our broadcast customers. It’s the only way we can stay true to our mission of serving their needs.

Another area where we hope to help broadcasters this year is taking advantage of the car dashboard to keep radio front and center, and help our customers find new sources of revenue, relevance or donations. When radio prospers, we all prosper, so we have a deep partnership in helping broadcasters be their best. 

RW: How about possible major consolidation in the U.S. through changes in ownership caps? How could that affect your business?

Rodgers: That’s a hard one to predict at this time. We’re certainly ready to support any broadcaster that may need to modernize their infrastructure as the result of consolidation or station ownership changes.

RW: How did you get started in this business? 

Rodgers: While attending the University of New Brunswick, I began a summer job in the engineering department at a local radio station, CFBC(AM), maintaining a Harris MW-50. After graduating in 1985 with an electrical engineering degree, I joined Nautel.

I was responsible for customer service. This included field work and telephone support. Being in the trenches with broadcast engineers allowed me to learn their pain points and how to build a company that can better address those needs and serve them into the future.

RW: Who were your mentors early on?  

Rodgers: Nautel’s founders were Dennis Covell, Dave Grace and John Pinks. Their influence in my early years at Nautel still guides me to this day.

RW: What do you enjoy doing in your time away from the office? 

Rodgers: When I can, I like to tinker in the garage. I have a passion for restoring old cars and get real enjoyment from seeing results from a hands-on effort. My favorite restoration is my 1970 E-Type Jaguar. 

[Related: “Nautel’s Wendell Lonergan Reflects on a Remarkable Career”]

The post Nautel Adapts to Shifting Technology Winds appeared first on Radio World.

A group that advocates for low-power FM stations is worried that any changes made by the FCC to current ownership rules for commercial broadcasters will have consequences on smaller community-based radio services.

In fact, it said if the commission relaxes ownership limits for primary broadcasters, it should update LPFM’s ownership limits in unison, to ensure consistency, fairness and preservation of community-based service.

The Low Power FM Advocacy Group (LPFM-AG) is among the thousands of filers who have commented during the FCC’s proceeding on broadcast ownership rules, which could result in major reforms and the elimination of AM and FM ownership caps.

“If ownership limits are relaxed, the resulting increase in local market power will have predictable downstream effects on smaller broadcasters unless complementary measures are considered,” according to the group’s filing.

The recent reply comments, signed by Dave Solomon, executive director of LPFM-AG, outline its concerns about further radio ownership consolidation and how increased local market power affects broadcasters that lack those advantages.

“Increased concentration alters the economic environment in which smaller broadcasters operate, particularly those without access to multi-station sales operations, regional branding, or capital reserves,” the group wrote.

In addition, Solomon said the FCC’s existing rules for the LPFM broadcast service create many challenges, despite the service being closely aligned with the commission’s localism objectives.

Restrictive ownership rules for LPFM

Right now, a party cannot hold an “attributable interest,” as defined by the FCC, in more than one LPFM station. Radio World has reported on repeated LPFM application rejections as a result of the ownership limit rule.

Solomon cautioned that LPFM operators are currently hampered by the most restrictive ownership, transfer and technical rules of any broadcast service.

“These constraints become more consequential as ownership consolidation increases elsewhere in the broadcast landscape,” he wrote.

(Read LPFM-AG’s reply comments, filed on Dec. 25.)

Therefore, the advocacy group is concerned that commercial broadcast ownership changes without parallel reform for LPFM would amplify existing asymmetries and increase pressure on community-based services.

If LPFM ownership rules were updated with reasonable “guardrails,” the group asserted that the service would be better assured that increased concentration does not operate “to the exclusive benefit of large clusters,” while leaving small and community broadcasters “increasingly exposed.”

The group pointed out that the commission has already determined that a rigid one station ownership limit for LPFM is not universally appropriate. Under existing FCC rules, according to the group, certain applicants are “expressly permitted to hold attributable interests in more than one LPFM station where doing so is necessary to serve their communities effectively.”

Specifically, the LPFM advocacy group noted that the commission already allows Tribal applicants and public safety or governmental entities operating within their jurisdiction to own up to two LPFM stations.

In addition, under current rules, LPFM stations may not be transferred for fair market value, according to the group.

“As a result, LPFM licenses are frequently surrendered rather than transferred,” LPFM-AG said.

AM broadcasters face similar challenges

Meanwhile, the LPFM advocate argued that small, locally-owned AM broadcasters face the same threat as LPFMs if further commercial ownership consolidation is allowed by the FCC.

They often rely on a single FM translator to remain viable. In addition, the group said, many AMs are minority owned and serve local or cultural communities.

LPFM-AG, which claimed over 500 low power FM radio stations have been killed off in the past 15 years, said noncommercial broadcasters also face comparable structural exposure.

“LPFM stations depend on local underwriting, fundraising and volunteer support. Neither service can realistically compete for local economic support against large clusters with dominant market presence,” the group wrote.

The LPFM advocacy group said commenters in the record supporting deregulation repeatedly argue “that rigid, legacy rules should give way to more flexible, service-based standards.”

Solomon argued that applying that same logic requires examining whether LPFM ownership transfer, and technical restrictions remain necessary in all circumstances.

“Absent such LPFM reforms, existing LPFM transfer and ownership restrictions will continue to force license surrender and permanently deprive communities of locally originated radio service,” Solomon wrote.

(Read our ongoing coverage of comments the FCC has been taking in its review of broadcast ownership rules.)

The post LPFM Advocate Warns FCC of Possible Side Effects of More Consolidation appeared first on Radio World.

When it comes to local ownership caps, the National Religious Broadcasters believes the FCC should treat the AM and FM bands differently.

It thinks the commission should adopt “a measured, service-specific” approach, eliminating AM restrictions but keeping the caps for FM. It says the bands face “materially different” market conditions.

The commission is weighing the future of ownership limits as part of its quadrennial review. In each of the largest markets, a licensee currently can own up to eight commercial radio stations and no more than five on each band (FM/AM) in the market. The cap shrinks as the number of stations in a market decreases.

NRB represents 1,100 Christian broadcasters and media organizations in radio, television, digital and emerging platforms.

NRB said the elimination of local restrictions on AM would help stabilize, promote and revitalize the band.

“AM radio faces a distinct and well-documented set of technical, economic and competitive challenges. In this environment, continued application of local ownership caps no longer meaningfully advances the commission’s core policy objectives.”

It said AM ownership flexibility can serve as a stabilizing mechanism, allowing operators to combine resources, spread fixed costs and reinvest in facilities and programming that might otherwise be lost.

“Greater flexibility could also facilitate technical improvements, including transmitter modernization, signal upgrades and enhanced emergency-alert capabilities.”

But NRB urges the commission to retain its local limits for FM radio.

It says FM stations continue to play a central role in local markets, maintain strong audience reach and serve as primary platforms for locally originated news, public affairs, educational and community programming.

Relaxing FM limits would risk accelerating consolidation in precisely the segment of radio where localism and viewpoint diversity remain most vibrant and most vulnerable, NRB believes.

It said that for faith-based, educational and mission-driven broadcasters in particular, local FM ownership is not merely a structural consideration but a prerequisite for serving distinct communities with programming tailored to local needs.

“Further consolidation of FM ownership would likely reduce opportunities for independent ownership, narrow editorial diversity and weaken the connection between licensees and the communities they are licensed to serve.” The association says that would run counter to the objectives of the Communications Act and the commission’s commitment to a locally responsive broadcast system.

NRB expressed concern that further consolidation would “disproportionately harm independent, mission-driven broadcasters, who lack the scale, capital and national infrastructure of large broadcast groups,” and it said increased consolidation “would reduce educational and public-interest programming, which depends on local commitment and community service, not commercial scale or national efficiencies.”

[Related: “NAB Presses FCC to Accelerate Broadcast Ownership Changes”]

The post NRB Would Drop AM Caps But Keep FM Limits appeared first on Radio World.

The Federal Communications Commission’s carousel of repurposing satellite spectrum keeps spinning and broadcasters are hanging on tight.

The FCC clearly has a hunger for spectrum to further expand terrestrial 5G and other wireless services in the United States. Chairman Brendan Carr has repeatedly made that abundantly clear. He wants to “restore U.S. leadership in wireless.”

But just how much spectrum should the FCC repurpose for its use? The National Association of Broadcasters is cautioning the FCC to consider it carefully.

The commission is required by statute to auction at least 100 MHz of upper C-band (3.98 GHz–4.08 GHz) spectrum no later than July 2027. However, the FCC is proposing to auction up to 180 MHz (from 3.98 GHz–4.16 GHz) through competitive bidding; and wireless providers want even more.

Regardless of the outcome, broadcasters will be impacted, NAB said. The upper C-band is essential to the broadcast industry for satellite program contribution and distribution, according to the NAB, and its use has only intensified since the lower C-band auction less than five years ago.

NAB said in comments filed on Jan. 20 that the commission should limit the auction to 100 MHz to ensure that broadcast customers are fully protected and bear no harm throughout the transition.

Any greater amount of auctioning, the association warned, would cause “material disruption to broadcasters.

Furthermore, NAB argued that to the extent that broadcasters are forced to transition because more than 100 MHz of the upper C-band is auctioned, they should not be forced to bear the costs of the transition.

The costs, as was the case in past transitions, should be borne by auction winners, NAB said.

The comments are NAB’s initial submission in the open proceeding on the Upper C-band; comments had been due to the commission by Jan. 5, and reply comments by Feb. 3. Several groups, however, including NAB, had asked the commission for more time.

A more complex coordination

A previous auction in 2020 for the lower C-band, which generated $81 billion in net licensing fees for the FCC, required massive coordination between broadcasters and satellite companies to move services to 4.0–4.2 GHz., but NAB said another move for broadcasters would be even more complicated and require more time.

Even with a “planned transition, incumbents undoubtedly will bear some material inconvenience. On the other hand, a hasty transition would materially degrade and interrupt broadcast services,” NAB said.

(Read NAB’s complete filing on the Upper C-band with the FCC.)

NAB said that SES, the major provider of C-band satellite services to broadcasters in the U.S., has stated that most incumbent users can be “repacked” quickly into a reduced C-band if reallocation is limited to about 100 MHz.

Still, the broadcaster advocacy group said “there inevitably will be some disruption to incumbent users as a result of aggressive repacking. But repacking all or most users within C-band will be far less disruptive than forcing those users into other satellite spectrum or alternative platforms.”

During the previous transition, NAB told the FCC many earth stations required only filtering, repointing and modest “inside” equipment upgrades, which could be completed within the lump sum reimbursement amount of $17,000 for a receive-only earth station with dual feeds.

Going into the first repack, the FCC said there were approximately 20,000 registered earth stations used by broadcasters to receive satellite transmissions.

However, NAB pointed to reported delays from many C-band users of over two years to get reimbursed for costs consistent with the cost catalog. The group is asking the commission to streamline reimbursement processes or provide significant “up front” monies so that incumbents are not out-of-pocket millions of dollars for several years.

This time around a total move of broadcast satellite services out of the C-band to the Ku-band, for example, would be considerably more expensive, NAB said.

In contrast, the group says a C-band earth station that must move to Ku-band would often require construction of an entirely new earth station — including a second antenna, cabling and supporting equipment — to allow for dual-illumination during the transition period. It estimated the relocation cost would be more than $400,000.

Wish list

The broadcast industry learned valuable lessons from the previous lower C-band transition, according to NAB, which led to a wish list of sorts from the group if another move happens. Those include:

• Preference for a single transition: The transition of incumbents out of the lower C-band was completed in two phases. A single transition is preferred by NAB.
• Transition plans must be public: The commission should make clear that such plans will be publicly available for review and comment.
• Interference protection must be enforceable: NAB said there must be an enforcement mechanism to ensure recommendations and procedures are implemented.
• Prioritizing uplink frequencies for the remaining C-band: NAB shared concerns raised by the North American Spectrum Alliance that the reduced C-band downlink spectrum has created significant challenges coordinating uplink frequency use with terrestrial microwave users.

Aeronautics industry has altimeter interference issues

Beyond the multi-billion-dollar costs associated with relocating incumbents out of C-band, NAB said auctioning more than 100 MHz would also substantially increase both the costs of radio altimeter replacement and the risk of interference to those systems.

The operating band of radio altimeters sits at 4.2–4.4 GHz. The aeronautics industry has previously warned the FCC it has concerns about interference between the adjacent spectrum bands.

“Limiting the auction to 100 MHz, which would confine terrestrial operations to below 4080 MHz, would minimize the potential for interference to existing radio altimeter systems and could allow some aircraft to avoid equipment replacement,” NAB said.

NPR

[See Our Business and Law Page]

The post NAB to FCC: Take 100 MHz of Upper C-Band, but No More appeared first on Radio World.

Labor union SAG-AFTRA says further media consolidation will allow broadcast conglomerates to cut even more jobs, hurting local radio and television newsroom operations.

Of all the filings to flood the FCC during its ongoing broadcast ownership review – over 2,100 in all so far – perhaps none better reflect the opinion of the thousands of broadcast employees that might be negatively affected by further broadcast consolidation. 

Radio World has been covering both filings and reply comments — which were due Jan. 16 — including recent entries from the National Association of Broadcasters and musicFirst Coalition and the Future of Music Coalition. 

The Screen Actors Guild – American Federal of Television and Radio Artists is the largest labor union representing media artists, including, including more than 160,000 actors, announcers, DJs voiceover artists and program hosts.

The organization is urging the commission to keep its current local radio ownership and local television multiple ownership rules in place. SAG-AFTRA believes the rules remain necessary to serve the public interest and to “advance the agency’s three traditional policy goals of competition, localism and viewpoint diversity.”

Jobs at stake

In its comments filed in December as part of the FCC’s quadrennial review process, SAG-AFTRA wrote that the elimination or relaxation of the broadcast ownership rules also risks detrimental impacts on employment within the broadcast industry, particularly in smaller markets.

It’s something the organization believes has been evident during past periods of media consolidation.

“To achieve the economies of scale the companies claim are necessary, conglomerates often centralize work and content production operations that were once the responsibility of local stations,” the organization told the FCC.

Radio and TV broadcasters are already compressing wages and eliminating jobs, including those once held by SAG-AFTRA members, the organization said.

The union cited data from the Radio Television Digital News Association’s 2025 survey, showing that the median radio news operation has only one full-time news staffer, while the average operation dropped to 3.2 full time staffers, down 0.5 from 2024.

Part-time staffing also declined last year, and the trends are consistent across markets of all sizes, according to SAG-AFTRA.

TV news staffing levels are also dropping, according to the organization. In local TV, news employment has been trending down, with the latest RTDNA/Newhouse survey reporting total full-time local TV news employment of 27,066 in 2024, a 2.9% decline from the prior year, and down 3.3% from the 2021 peak, according to the labor union.

Five Forces test

The current media landscape is highly consolidated with a small number of conglomerates having expansive reach, SAG-AFTRA said in comments to the FCC, leaving little room for competition.

SAG-AFTRA said the FCC’s current ownership rules, therefore, serve a “pro-competitive purpose within the television and radio markets.”

Given the existing scope of consolidation, the union says relaxation of the rules would undoubtedly jeopardize “localism and viewpoint diversity” and could result in job loss and economic harm, particularly in smaller local markets.

SAG-AFTRA proposes the FCC use Michael Porter’s “Five Forces” framework to assess the current ownership rules. Porter is the famed Harvard Business School professor who developed the framework often used to analyze industry competition. The framework examines the five “competitive forces” that shape rivalry and profitability:

• Threat of New Entrants
• Bargaining Power of Buyers
• Bargaining Power of Suppliers
• Threat of Substitutes
• Competitive Rivalry

SAG-AFTRA said the five forces are to be evaluated by first weighing each force separately, then collectively to “judge the overall intensity of competitive pressure.”   

The union says Porter’s first force, barriers to entry, is particularly applicable to broadcasting, which depends on the exclusive use of a scarce public resource.

“To address this force, among others, Congress conditioned broadcast licenses on service to the public interest, providing licensees use of the airwaves, but not ownership,” the organization said.

With entry constrained, the union wrote, preserving competition in today’s environment depends on preserving legitimate rivalry among the existing licensees and preventing any one owner from gaining leverage over key “buyer” relationships — such as local advertisers and even viewers — and other market forces.

In addition, it said the current rules also help limit owner’s ability to gain outsized leverage over buyers and over key inputs/suppliers, such as network affiliation relationships and high-value programming.

Further, they reduce the risk that consolidation turns “competition” into nothing more than cost-cutting and centralized decision-making that diminishes investment in genuinely local coverage, the labor union said.

While the threat of substitutes, particularly from digital and online media is very real, the actor’s guild said in the broadcast context it does not automatically replicate the competitive constraints that matter most for the public interest broadcasters are meant to serve.

The guild pointed to a court case — Zimmer Radio of Mid-Missouri v. FCC — as an example of why “grounded, force-by-force competitive analysis should matter in connection with the rulemaking.”

In its decision at the time, the Eighth Circuit accepted that the commission may conclude that non-broadcast competition, standing alone, is insufficient to achieve the public-interest objectives historically associated with broadcasting, the union says.

The court deferred to the FCC’s market definitions where the agency provided a rational explanation, SAG-AFTRA told the commission.

Central to its argument, SAG-AFTRA believes that the current ownership rules remain an important tool for preserving competition.

Notably, they help prevent a small number of companies from accumulating outsized control over the highest-reach local outlets, particularly in markets where the number of stations is inherently limited.

“They help preserve real choices for local advertisers and help ensure communities get meaningful local news by reducing the risk that consolidation turns competition into cost-cutting, centralized decision-making, and less investment in truly local coverage,” the organization wrote.

(You can read SAG-AFTRA’s full comments here.)

SAG-AFTRA’s argument about applying the Five Forces test drew the attention of Connoisseur Media and several other broadcast companies in their own reply comments to the FCC. They believe that the proposed competition test “actually demonstrates that consolidation is necessary in the broadcast radio industry.” You can read their discussion about it in their filing (on page 43 of the PDF, labeled as page 38).

Comment on this or any article. Email radioworld@futurenet.com.

The post SAG-AFTRA Opposes Any Changes to Broadcast Ownership Rules appeared first on Radio World.

The National Association of Broadcasters said FCC Chairman Brendan Carr and his fellow commissioners should strike down local radio and television ownership restrictions in order to create a competitive balance for all within today’s “radically transformed” media landscape.

NAB is asking the FCC to do away with all radio ownership caps and subcaps and it made its case in the 87-page reply comment filing, reinforcing the argument the association laid out in December in its original comments to the commission.

“Despite dramatic changes in how Americans consume media, local broadcasters continue to be shackled by rules first crafted nearly a century ago – rules that do not apply to our competitors,” NAB said in its filing on Jan. 16.

At present, in each of the largest radio markets, a licensee can own up to eight commercial radio stations, but the subcaps limit a licensee from owning more than five in each band in specific markets. The cap shrinks as market size decreases.

Those caps are “artificially restricting the scale of local broadcasters, and thus their ability to attract investment, audiences and the advertising revenues needed to serve their communities,” according to NAB.

Central to its argument, NAB believes that competition from online content providers and digital ad platforms – not from within the radio industry –  has caused the “precipitous declines” in audience share and advertising revenues suffered over the past two decades.

A 30-year cycle

The FCC is in the middle of its 2022 Quadrennial Review process and has been collecting comments on the future of radio ownership limits — Jan. 16 was the deadline to file reply comments.

The commission’s 2-1 Republican majority is viewed by most observers as being generally supportive of broadcast ownership reform. What’s not clear is how far it might go in relaxing the current rules.

NAB, the broadcast advocacy group, argued in its comments that critics of reform rely on “legally untenable arguments and very selectively chosen data to ignore today’s competitive media landscape.”

Specifically, the group said that there are less than a handful of parties on the record calling for the retention of the now 30-year-old radio caps, and they are simply repeating old arguments that have already been refuted by broadcasters.    

“Time has long since run out on these parties’ repetitive, unmeritorious and hypocritical arguments,” the NAB told the FCC.

In its filing, NAB argued that retention of asymmetric ownership restrictions has prevented radio from increasing taking advantage of economic, investment and competitive opportunities on a local scale to gain audience and advertising revenues.

By doing so, NAB believes, media companies can better maintain and even enhance their news, emergency information and entertainment offerings in local communities across the country at no cost to the public.

Small broadcasters on board

In extensive comments, the NAB refutes several of the dissenters’ arguments surrounding the outcomes of several high-profile court cases, including the Supreme Court’s decision in FCC v. Prometheus. 

(Read NAB’s Jan. 16 reply comments to the FCC in their entirety here.)

The association urged the commission to reject arguments from opponents of reform who claim that smaller broadcasters en masse oppose modernization of the local radio caps and that only radio conglomerates support changes.

“In fact, a number of small and mid-sized broadcasters have called in this proceeding for repeal or at least relaxation of the local radio caps, including a broadcaster owning only two stations and others owning radio stations in only one market,” it said.

[Related: “Radio Groups to FCC: Ownership Caps Threaten Survival”]

As Radio World reported, the National Association of Black Owned Broadcasters (NABOB) is on the record opposing any changes to the local radio ownership rule, but NAB countered arguments made by the group that further consolidation would cause the further decline of Black station ownership.

NAB said the declining revenues of Black-owned stations cited by NABOB were consistent with the economic struggles of smaller radio broadcasters and those in mid-sized and small markets.

“Rather than somehow supporting the retention of outmoded ownership caps, as NABOB suggested, radio stations’ limited and declining ad revenues call for repeal of those economically harmful local caps,” NAB wrote in the filing.

NAB also refuted arguments made by the musicFIRST Coalition and the Future of Music Coalition, claiming the groups have made it clear they oppose reform of the radio ownership caps due to their frustrations about failing to convince Congress to alter copyright law and impose new performance rights fees on radio stations.

That’s something NAB argued is “totally irrelevant” to the current proceeding.

In addition, NAB said the coalitions represent the music industry, which is dominated by three consolidated international record labels.

“The three major companies jointly generated about $2.9 million per hour in 2023. In remarkable contrast, in 2023 and 2024 the vast majority of radio stations garnered less – and often much less – than $2.9 million per year in advertising revenues.”

Read more on the arguments from musicFIRST Coalition and the Future of Music Coalition here.

Pulling no punches

NAB at times was quite expressive in its use of language in its filing to the FCC.

The association wrote of a critic “while pretending in this proceeding to cry yet another river over the struggles of small broadcasters to compete; and then: “NAB trusts that all the ink certain commenters metaphorically spilled in failing to undermine the Eighth Circuit’s conclusion….”

Accordingly, the group urges the government agency to move fast and eliminate its unnecessary and harmful local broadcast ownership rules.

“NAB urges the commission to conclude this proceeding quickly and finally rid the media marketplace of these artificial and competition-distorting restrictions imposed on broadcasters alone,” the association concluded.

Comment on this or any article. Email radioworld@futurenet.com.

The post NAB Presses FCC to Accelerate Broadcast Ownership Changes appeared first on Radio World.

For LPFM applicants, 10 miles matters — a hard lesson learned by five parties from the 2023 filing window.

The FCC has dismissed their applications after the commission determined each of the five failed to meet its localism requirements. One of the five also violated its foreign ownership guidelines.

Four of the applicants were for stations in Texas, while another was near Las Vegas in Nevada.

To qualify as a local entity in a top 50 urban market like Houston-Galveston, San Antonio or Las Vegas, an applicant must satisfy one of two criteria regarding the distance from its proposed transmitting antenna.

The applicant’s physical headquarters must either be within 10 miles of the transmitter site, or at least 75% of the board members must reside within 10 miles of the transmitter site.

Localism and foreign ownership cited

First, in Texas, the FCC dismissed an application for a new LPFM on 101.5 FM in Macdona, Texas, which is near San Antonio, filed by Holly USA Espirit Church. The church aspired to use the signal to “provide the best opportunity for people to become fully devoted followers of Christ,” according to its application articles.

Although it did not factor one way or another into its final decision, the Media Bureau noted in its account that the address listed on the church’s application, Pasadena St. in San Antonio, appeared to be the location of a church of a different name. In addition, according to signage visible on Google Maps, the address also appeared to be the location of an existing radio station, K213FJ(FM), “La Nueva 90.5 FM,” the Media Bureau said.

The dismissal, dated Jan. 16, is based on two primary violations of FCC rules and federal law. The applicant failed to meet the FCC’s localism requirements. In fact, all three directors listed by the group lived over 180 miles away from the market, the Media Bureau said.

The Media Bureau said that the church also violated foreign ownership guidelines. Foreign entities are prohibited from owning or voting more than 20 percent of a broadcast licensee, according to the FCC’s rules, yet the commission said that two of the three directors are foreign nationals from Cuba and Honduras.

More Texas troubles

Meanwhile, The Church of the Last Call sought a new low power FM station in Whaley Corner, about 30 miles southwest of Houston. It sought to broadcast on 96.1 FM with programming that would enrich its community with “cheerful music and with informative, helpful topics.”

However, according to the Media Bureau’s account, the church also failed to meet the localism requirements mandated by FCC rules.

The FCC’s investigation found the address provided as the application’s headquarters, on Huntington Wood Dr. in Houston, is approximately 15 miles from the proposed transmitter site, exceeding the 10-mile limit.

In addition, none of its three directors met the residency requirement. The commission therefore concluded the organization is ineligible to hold an LPFM license due to these geographic discrepancies.

In another dismissal, the FCC threw out the LPFM application of Radio Casa de Adoracion TX for a new LPFM station on 95.1 FM in Spring, Texas, which is also near Houston.

Similar to the other applicants, the Media Bureau said the applicant failed to meet geographic requirements for eligibility — again, the 10-mile rule.

“Although Radio Casa certified that it met both requirements, the FCC found these certifications to be false based on the following geographic data,” the commission wrote in the dismissal.

Radio Casa’s listed headquarters, at 200 Dominion Park Drive, is approximately 12 miles from the proposed transmitter site, exceeding the 10-mile limit. In addition, none of the applicant’s three directors live within the required 10-mile radius.

Finally, the Media Bureau nixed an application for a new low power FM on 99.7 FM in Alvin, Texas, not far from Houston, after the applicant also failed to meet the distance requirements.

The FCC says its findings discovered YAHWEH HTX listed its headquarters as being in Pasadena, Texas, which is about 19 miles away from the proposed transmitter, exceeding the 10-mile limit.

YAHWEH HTX also struck out when the commission found that it none of its three directors met the residency requirement, all living more than 10 miles from the proposed transmitter site.

The organization said it desired to use the station to broadcast family programs such as cooking lessons, children’s entertainment, sports and religious preaching.

Snake eyes in the desert

Another LPFM applicant near Las Vegas also was denied a bid due to its failure to meet the commission’s localism requirements. USA Church in the Hills applied for a license for a new LPFM station on 97.9 FM in Mt. Charleston, Nev., but the FCC’s investigation confirmed its headquarters is actually 26 miles away from the antenna, well beyond the 10-mile limit.

Plus, the church failed to satisfy the board member residency mandate. The FCC found that all three directors reside in Houston, Texas − over 1,200 miles away from the site.

The FCC said it dismissed the church’s application due to the errors.

The church sought the station to help its members “grow in faith so that they can achieve all their goals on this earth and can live the life that God has already delegated to them.”

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The post FCC Dismisses LPFM Applications Citing Localism Rules appeared first on Radio World.

FCC Chairman Brendan Carr appeared before a House oversight hearing on Wednesday and responded to a wide range of partisan questioning over his actions since he became leader of the government agency.

All three FCC commissioners appeared before the committee, including Olivia Trusty and Anna Gomez. The spotlight was mostly on Carr and his deregulatory policies since taking over as chairman in early 2025.

However, Gomez, the lone Democratic commissioner, also had a prominent role in answering questions from House Energy and Commerce committee members.

Defining public interest

The committee’s Democrats asked pointed questions about Carr’s definition of “public interest” and the role it plays in FCC policymaking. Carr was strident in defending the use of the public interest standard when managing broadcast licenses.

“What the Supreme Court has said on this issue is that, quote: ‘No one has a First Amendment right to a license.’ So the FCC enforcing the public interest standard on broadcasters, according to the Supreme Court, doesn’t violate the First Amendment and doesn’t constitute censorship,” Carr said.

When fielding a question about the standard from ranking member Rep. Doris Matsui, the top Democrat on the telecom subcommittee, Carr said: “The FCC has an obligation to enforce the public interest, and that’s very unique as to broadcasters. Again, if you step back, broadcasters are unique among all other distributors of news and information because they have a license.”

Carr continued: “Among all other distributors of information or even data, they have a license given them by the federal government and that necessarily means the government has excluded other voices that might have wanted to use those airwaves; and so they have an obligation to stand not just in their own shoes, but in the shoes of their entire community of license. And that means they have to operate differently than a cable channel or a podcast or social media.”

Commissioner Gomez suggested Congress should impose “guardrails” for the FCC to follow in defining the public interest standard.

Formally speaking

Meanwhile, Carr faced harsh criticism from Democrats but effusive praise from Republicans for his handling of FCC matters early in his tenure as chairman.

Democrats on the committee zeroed in on Carr’s recent claim that the FCC is not an independent agency. Critics on the committee questioned the legitimacy of Carr’s claim.

When asked directly if he made the statement, Carr replied: “I said the FCC is not, formally speaking, an independent agency.”

Rep. Frank Pallone (D-N.J.) said Carr has engaged in “quid pro quo” in favor of the president, and is abusing his power to violate Americans’ rights.

“Our duty to conduct oversight of the FCC has never been more critical than it is today, because in Trump’s ongoing crusade to chill free speech, punish news networks and vilify American journalism, there has been no greater ally than Chairman Brendan Carr,” Pallone said in opening remarks. 

[Related: “Carr Stands Up for His Policies in Senate Hearing”]

Commissioner Gomez answered a question from Pallone about the FCC’s independence:

“Congress set up the FCC as an independent agency because it feared that the agency should not be subject to the whims of one person or one political party. That is why we have an independent multi-member expert body that regulates our communications medium,” Gomez testified.

“So when we declare that we are not independent, what we are doing is not recognizing what Congress wanted when it created this independent agency, but we are also putting way too much power into one person and then doing their political whims.”

New York Rep. Yvette Clarke, a Democrat on the committee, was direct in her criticism of Carr over what she called “the weaponization” of the FCC.

“Less than one year into his tenure, the FCC under Chairman Carr has given this committee many worthy avenues of exploration and oversight, most of which appear to stem from his new role as an obsequious partisan fulfilling President Trump’s desire to exact revenge on his perceived enemies and line the pockets of the oligarch class,” she stated.

However, instead of questioning Carr about his tactics, Clarke turned to Gomez and asked her about why the independence of the FCC is essential to its credibility.

Gomez said it’s important to have an independent agency because it must be seen as an expert body that makes decisions based on that expertise and not based on the policies of one administration.

Ownership caps

There were calls to modernize outdated ownership restrictions and lift the national TV ownership cap from committee chairs Brett Guthrie (R-Ky.) and Richard Hudson (R-NC).

Guthrie asked Carr about the importance of media modernization and how removing outdated regulations allows broadcasters to better compete with big tech.

Carr’s reply dealt mostly with television and the loss of balance between local TV stations and television networks.

“One of the main concerns I have with respect to media policy is you have on the one hand all of these individual licensed local TV stations, and on the other hand you have these national programmers, including Disney, Comcast, a handful of others. And over the years historically we had a balance between the national programmers and the licensed local TV stations,” he said.

“But recently what we’ve seen is those national programmers have just consolidated and amassed a massive amount of power. And we’re losing that balance between the national programmers and the actual local TV stations.”

Carr had emphasized in his opening statement that the FCC is working to “empower local broadcasters to serve the public interest and meet the needs of their communities.”

The commission is considering changes to broadcast ownership rules as part of its quadrennial review process.

Rep. Raul Ruiz (D-Calif) described Carr as “a tool of President Trump’s Project 2025 agenda,” and said Carr’s ultimate plan is to “suppress freedom of speech and those who criticize Trump and to forcefully favor Trump’s billionaire friends and supporters in order to control the content.”

Ruiz asked Gomez about the wisdom of further broadcast consolidation.

“What happens when we have too much consolidation by these national corporations that own these local broadcasters is we lose the diversity of voices and we lose that local news content. Couple that with the defunding of public media and we are also losing even more voices in our local communities,” Gomez said.

Spectrum authority

Republicans on Wednesday asked mostly about telecom issues, including the expansion of high-speed internet and the FCC’s renewed spectrum authority.

Texas Rep. August Pfluger was among those asking Carr about the FCC’s timeline to make additional spectrum available for 5G and other wireless services. The FCC’s authority to hold spectrum auctions had lapsed under the Biden administration.   

“We’re finalizing rules for the upper C-band, which will clear at least 100 megahertz,” Carr said. “We’ve sought comment on clearing up to 180 Megahertz. There’s also active work underway on the 7 gigahertz band, on the 2.7 Gigahertz band, and even unlicensed.

“Again, this month alone we’re voting to supercharge Wi-Fi by allowing higher power devices. In addition, we are clearing the barriers in the secondary markets so spectrum that wasn’t fully loaded, that could have been sitting fallow, is moving into the hands of carriers that are loading it and lighting it up and increasing speed.”

Congress has authorized the FCC to auction off 800 MHz of spectrum for commercial broadband by 2034.

[Do you receive the Radio World SmartBrief newsletter each weekday morning? We invite you to sign up here.]

The post House Oversight Hearing on FCC Puts Chairman in Spotlight appeared first on Radio World.

An expired IPAWS digital certificate prevented radio stations from receiving FEMA’s IPAWS Required Weekly Test (RWT) on Monday, according to people familiar with the developments. 

Broadcasters’ EAS units rejected Monday’s weekly test when the message was flagged as “expired” by most EAS boxes, the sources said. The weekly EAS test message “errored out” on most devices.

Barry Mishkind’s Broadcasters’ Desktop Resource reported that FEMA acknowledged the issue. A statement he attributed to FEMA said: 

“We discovered after the IPAWS RWT chron job launched the Monday morning IPAWS RWTs that the associated IPAWS digital certificate in use had expired. As individual EAS devices are required by FCC Rules to check CAP message digital signatures, the EAS device should have flagged the incoming RWT as expired. 

“Let’s consider this week to be a test of EAS device security.” the statement read. “We have replaced the expired digital certificate. Next week’s messages will be properly signed with a valid digital certificate.” 

Monday’s mixup is similar to issues Radio World reported on in March 2023, when the IPAWS RWT was being rejected by EAS units and declared invalid for several weeks. At the time, FEMA said the digital certificate the agency used to sign its automated RWT messages had expired. 

FEMA says EAS devices are required by FCC Rules to check CAP message digital signatures. FEMA uses digital signatures to ensure the authenticity of messages. The IPAWS system checks the digital signature upon receipt and accepts or rejects the message.

FEMA told Radio World in 2023 it would assess its certificate management process and make improvements to prevent future issues.

For stations that did not log a failure for Monday’s test, specifically DASDEC units, FEMA previously suggested checking the EAS device’s configuration and enabling signature checking.

FEMA told broadcasters in 2023 that the expired digital certificate issue does not affect EAS messages sent by local or state authorities. It only affects the IPAWS automated RWTs.

An email to FEMA for further comment about Monday’s issue was not immediately returned.

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The post FEMA Says “Expired Digital Certificate” Caused Monday’s EAS Test Error appeared first on Radio World.

Cumulus Media is rating it as a big win. A federal judge has granted Cumulus a preliminary injunction preventing Nielsen from implementing its “network tying” policy, which is at the center of a lawsuit between the companies.

Judge Jeannette A. Vargas ruled on Dec. 30 that Cumulus has supported its claim of irreparable harm and said the company will likely succeed with the antitrust claims it has brought against Nielsen. She also slammed a lid on how much Nielsen can charge the company for its national radio ratings.

The judge decided that Cumulus had demonstrated that a preliminary injunction was necessary to prevent irreparable harm.

“Cumulus has a strong likelihood of succeeding on the merits in this case … the balance of hardships weighs toward Cumulus, and … the public interest weighs in favor of a preliminary injunction,” she wrote.

Nielsen also is prohibited from charging a “commercially unreasonable rate for its national ratings report as a complete, standalone product.” The order sets a rate that is equal to or lower than the highest annual 2026 rate Nielsen charges any broadcaster, whether network or local, for nationwide ratings.

The order will remain in effect for the duration of the litigation, as Cumulus’ antitrust case goes forward.

Monopoly claims

The legal fight is putting a spotlight on the relationship between U.S. radio broadcasters and the industry’s most prominent ratings provider. Cumulus is the second-largest radio broadcaster in the United States by station count and the third-largest by revenue, according to BIA Advisory Services.

The suit was filed by the broadcaster in October in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York.

It claims that Nielsen holds a monopoly over national radio ratings and has a policy that will force broadcasters also to purchase local radio ratings from Nielsen rather than from a ratings competitor.

Cumulus argues in the suit that Nielsen’s new “tying policy” is illegal because it forces its local stations to buy Nielsen’s local radio ratings data, which Cumulus says are overpriced, instead of another service.

According to Cumulus, Nielsen’s tying policy works this way: Any radio operator with local stations that also owns a national network must purchase Nielsen’s local radio ratings data for all those local markets in order for the network to receive credit in Nielsen’s comprehensive national data.

Cumulus owns approximately 400 stations in 84 radio markets in the United States. Westwood One is the national-facing network arm of the company.

Cumulus claims that Nielsen has mandated the purchase of separate local ratings in order to access national broadcast radio analytics, and Cumulus says this violates federal and state antitrust laws.

“Such tying is a classic abuse of monopoly power and a clear-cut violation of the antitrust laws,” Cumulus argued, “and violates section two of the Sherman Act.”

Cumulus has stopped buying local ratings for some diary markets, including all markets measured twice a year and even some continuously measured diary markets, according to a report in Inside Radio.

The broadcaster has won several victories in its case against Nielsen. First, the judge approved a motion to fast-track the discovery process and set several early deadlines. She also ruled that the identities of third-party radio companies testifying in the case could be with withheld amid fears of potential retaliation.

At a hearing in early December, Nielsen described the matter as a “run-of-the-mill pricing dispute” and defended the tying policy.

“There is no data for nationwide without the local reports,” the company wrote. It told the judge its policy ensures Nielsen’s revenue is aligned with costs so its audio measurement service remains “sustainable.”

In a filing, Nielsen claims “the plaintiff is earning $700 million in revenues but wants to renew its contract with Nielsen but pay 50% for the same services.”

Nielsen has said it gave Cumulus several options, including giving the broadcaster standalone national ratings and local products without the tying policy that brought on the suit.

Cumulus argued that Nielsen is a monopoly, citing “clear and uncontested evidence that Nielsen is the only provider of national radio ratings data in the United States. Without comprehensive national ratings data, a national network cannot effectively compete for advertising business or generate revenue.”

Not including Westwood One in national ratings in markets where Cumulus doesn’t buy local ratings, it says, harms the network’s ability to sell ad inventory, jeopardizing relationships with clients and ultimately hurting affiliate stations, according to previous Cumulus filings.

Cumulus further supported its monopoly claims by saying Eastlan Ratings, another provider of local radio ratings data, is foreclosed by Nielsen’s anticompetitive tactics from entering new markets.

However, Nielsen says in a filing that argument “is belied by Eastlan’s recent growth and its ability to enter a market with just one customer.”

Eastlan is adding markets “reasonably well,” Nielsen says, adding 18 new markets in 2025 and securing the business of multiple former Nielsen customers.

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The post Cumulus Scores Win in Lawsuit Against Nielsen appeared first on Radio World.

A coalition of broadcasters in the United States would like the FCC to give AM stations a fresh opportunity to acquire and move FM translators.

The group of 19 AM operators has asked the FCC to reopen its 2016 filing window that allowed AMs to acquire and relocate translators as part of its “AM revitalization” initiative.

Class C and Class D AM broadcasters dominate the coalition. They believe their proposal “will allow for substantial FM translator transmitter site and channel moves, enabling additional FM translators to rebroadcast AM stations.”

In addition, they would like the FCC to allow each AM to move up to three translators. They also hope the commission will allow the acquisition of translators that are farther away. And they would like this AM translator “window” to be made permanent.

The proposal does not call for the creation of new FM translator licenses; it deals with rules for how AM stations can acquire and move them.

Proven approach

Although the FCC recently has been closing dormant dockets, the AM revitalization docket remains open.

The window a decade ago permitted an AM broadcaster to acquire an FM translator and relocate it on any available frequency for local service using the rebroadcast of the AM station programming. Another window the next year allowed additional AMs to apply.

The group filing the petition is headed by Press Communications under President Robert McAllan. It includes names familiar at the FCC for their advocacy on behalf of smaller AM broadcasters, including Bud Walters, Matthew Wesolowski and Larry Fuss. (The full list is at the bottom of this story.)

They told the FCC that FM translators have saved hundreds of AMs from going off the air. They said stations have seen increases in listenership, advertising revenue and community engagement.

But they said the challenges facing the AM band have only intensified. Those include ever-increasing noise floor levels, continued degradation of audio receiver quality, variable (if any) nighttime service, and digital technological change in the marketplace.

They said AM stations “continue to experience a disproportionate decline in listenership.” They cited Nielsen data indicating that AM listenership represents less than a third of broadcast radio station audiences with FM picking up the balance, and that younger demographics rarely use AM.

They believe more than one-third of AM stations still lack at least one companion FM translator.

A reopening, they said, would benefit small, often minority-owned AM stations, many in rural areas. They said such owners often lack the capital or market conditions to launch digital services or may not have the financial capability or spectrum availability to obtain a full-service FM license.

More flexibility

They told the FCC that the greatest accomplishment of the revitalization initiative was giving AMs the ability to substantially move FM translators to locations where they could more effectively rebroadcast programming.

In 2016, the translators could only be moved from within a 250-mile radius of the subject station’s transmitter site and must be located within 25 miles of its transmitter.

A reinstatement would not require a “totally new major rulemaking infrastructure,” the broadcasters believe.

As before, they ask that the FCC provide an initial time period of perhaps 120 days in which only Class C and Class D AM stations could file.

But they also requested “minor enhancements.”

They would like the FCC to offer stations, “especially those with daytime-only operation or low-power and critical nighttime patterns,” the opportunity to obtain up to three FM translators to run within the 25-mile limit. In the previous window AMs could move only one.

“In many areas of the nation, and particularly in Zone 1, largely higher-power second-adjacent channels severely limit translator power levels,” they wrote. “Thus, the need for multiple translators to better emulate the daytime coverage of many Class D and Class C AM stations.”

They suggest a cap of three so that no AM is forced out of the market for translators by a large entity acquiring dozens of signals for a particular AM station, or by a competing AM “usurping” the FM translator spectrum in a market.

They also advocate broadening the purchasing reach from 250 to 500 miles, primarily to assist stations on the east and west coasts, the borders with Canada or Mexico, and the Gulf. (Apparently sensitive to politics, the filing simply used the name “the Gulf.”)

“This change is important as AM stations located near coastal or border areas were hampered in under the 2016 filing windows by having many fewer potential FM translators to acquire due to not having a full circumference of 250 miles dues to a truncation by such borders or the coast.”

Additionally, the broadcasters asked that their proposed “window” be made permanent.

“Rather than further limiting for the future the availability and the number of translators for purchase to eligible AM stations, a permanent change to the FCC’s rules to allow for moving FM translators to serve AM stations going forward will avoid spectrum warehousing and gamesmanship which often occurs upon the opening of a time-limited window,” they wrote.

[Read the petition here.]

Example

A footnote in the filing provides a case study of how this might benefit a broadcaster.

“Press Communications LLC is the licensee of WHTG(AM), a Class D 500-watt daytime-only station licensed to Eatontown, N.J.,” it states.

“The station currently has one companion FM translator W264DH, which only reaches about 20% of the AM’s daytime coverage. Adding one or more translators would greatly enhance WHTG’s ability to better serve its existing listening audience, and more importantly, develop new audience.”

It noted that Press also has a construction permit on file to move W264DH to another location within 25 miles of WHTG’s transmitter site.

“But without an additional translator, that move is a zero-sum game, as some listeners will lose FM service without a second translator to replace W264DH at the existing site.”

Conclusion

The petitioners noted AM radio’s role in public alerting. They cited the perceived desire of FCC Chairman Brendan Carr to help make sure that all broadcasters remain competitive well into the future.

“AM broadcasting technology is now over 100 years old, which is eons in a world that went from 56k digital dialup modems to gigabit speeds in a little over a quarter of that time. The laws of physics tell us there is little we can do to overcome the technical limitations inherent in AM service,” they wrote.

“Indeed, reinstating the 2016 AM Radio Revitalization translator modification filing windows for FM translators will help ensure AM broadcasters’ high level of service well into the future.”

The groups that filed the petition are SSR Communications, Simmons Broadcasting, Kaspar Broadcasting, Mountain Top Media, Priority Communications, Virden Broadcasting, South Seas Broadcasting, Delta Radio Network, Hancock Communications, WYCQ, The Cromwell Group, R & F Communications, Eureka Broadcasting, O-N Radio, Viper Communications, Mentor Partners, Genesee Media, Dakota Broadcasting and Community First Broadcasting.

[Related: Read comments by REC Networks in reaction to this petition.]

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